Criminal Defense Lawyer Blog

Published on: August 5, 2025

Frederick Man Guilty of Trafficking Firearms

The U.S. Attorney’s Office recently announced the guilty plea in an online firearms trafficking operation that involved multiple federal law enforcement agencies. According to facts uncovered in at the plea hearing the ATF and the United States Postal Inspection Service began investigating the illegal sale of firearms and machinegun conversion devices on social media. These machinegun conversion devices (MCD) have been a major point of emphasis for both federal and state law enforcement over the last few years. The most common device is widely known as a “Glock Switch” due to the fact that it can easily be attached to Glock brand handguns. Glock switches can be fabricated using 3D printers and, despite being small and cheap to produce, can make a handgun exponentially more deadly. MCDs can easily transform a semi-automatic handgun into a machinegun with a few snaps of the finger, and when combined with large capacity magazines, can spray upwards of 30 rounds in a matter of seconds. On top of this, it is almost impossible to accurately fire a handgun fitted with a MCD, which adds to the deadliness of the device.

Machinegun conversion devices are classified as machineguns under the National Firearms Act. 26 U.S. Code and 18 U.S. Code define machinegun s as any weapon that is designed to automatically shoot more than one round by a single function of the trigger. In other words, holding down the trigger one time to expel multiple bullets. Possession of a MCD can lead to felony firearm offense charges even if there is no gun or ammo recovered from the defendant. The production of MCDs is similar to that of ghost guns, and the two make a deadly combination that has the full attention of law enforcement.

In this case, the defendant, a 26-year-old man from Frederick intercepted a package after tracking its sale on social media. Postal inspectors intercepted the package that was addressed to the defendant and obtained a search warrant to open the parcel. Investigators then discovered a Glock .40 caliber semi-automatic handgun with an illegal extended magazine containing 30 rounds of ammunition. Police used this evidence to obtain an additional search warrant for the defendant’s home in Frederick County. Execution of this search warrant revealed an additional 10 mm Glock handgun, 400 rounds of ammunition and three Glock Switches. Also seized were multiple gun cases, ghost gun boxes and over $20 in cash.

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Published on: July 2, 2025

Drone Operator Pleads Guilty to Flying over Ravens Game

By Benjamin Herbst

In January the playoff game between the Ravens and the Steelers came to an unexpected halt. At first, fans believed the extended timeout was due to a television issue. As the stoppage continued some spectators were able to see a small green light overhead the stadium but there was still no official word about the delay. Play finally resumed around the time that social media posts picked up on the fact that someone had been flying an unauthorized drone over the stadium. That someone, a 43-year-old Baltimore man, was eventually arrested and charged with knowingly and willfully violating national defense airspace under 49 United States Code section 40103(b)(3). This statute is designed to protect large gatherings of people and violations are punishable by up to 1 year in jail. On the date of the game the FAA put a temporary flight restriction over the Ravens stadium, which per the plea was willfully violated by the defendant. According to the United States Attorney’s press release, flight restrictions are common over NFL, MLB and college football stadiums beginning 1 hour before the game and ending 1 hour after. Flight restrictions are also instituted at large auto racing venues.

Based on facts that were uncovered at the plea and sentencing hearing in the Baltimore federal courthouse, both the FBI and the Maryland State Police tracked the drone’s flight path and responded to the area where it landed. Although nobody was at the location where the drone landed law enforcement was able to track the movement of the suspect and eventually showed up at his residence to make the arrest. Police were able to recover 7 pictures taken by the drone from over 400 feet above the playing field, which prosecutors used as evidence in support of the plea. Recently a U.S. District Court Judge sentenced the defendant to 1 year of probation, 100 hours of community service and a $500 fine. The defendant is no stranger to the court system, as he has several prior criminal contacts including a conviction for CDS distribution in Baltimore City and illegal possession of a regulated firearm in Baltimore County. He was also found guilty of violating a protective order and granted probation before judgment.

While this case is hardly the crime of the century, it is an example of the of the government’s motivation to prosecute cases involving the use of drones. Drones have become increasingly more sophisticated, capable and easier to acquire due to advances in technology, and this presents an issue when dealing with protected airspace such as military installations and large outdoor gatherings. State and federal law enforcement face a tough challenge going forward to assure the safety of the public when it comes to civilian drone use, and a case such as this will ideally serve as a deterrent to potential offenders. The Blog will continue to follow these relatively new types of prosecutions and may post a follow up article if state lawmakers decide to address drone use in the next legislative session. If you have been charged with a crime in state or federal court, contact Maryland criminal defense lawyer Benjamin Herbst anytime for a free consultation. Benjamin specializes in defending federal citations from Fort Meade, NSA and the BW Parkway and is highly familiar with the workings of the Greenbelt and Baltimore City courthouses. He handles all types of charges from firearm possession at a federal facility to DUI and is available 7 days a week for a free consultation at 410-207-2598.

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Juvenile Released after 100 Car Burglaries

By Benjamin Herbst

The embattled Maryland juvenile justice system is back in the news, and this time the headlines appeared in several national media outlets. Laurel police recently arrested a 16-year-old boy and ultimately linked him to as many as 121 car burglaries. Multiple law enforcement agencies were involved with the investigation including Howard County Police, Prince George’s County Police and the aforementioned Laurel Police Department. The alleged incidents took place during the first week of May, and shortly thereafter various law enforcement agencies began combing through eyewitness statements and doorbell camera footage. The footage revealed at least three teenagers, some of whom donning masks and headlamps, smashing car windows and climbing through to grab items within their reach.

Juvenile records are sealed from public view, but we do know that police linked one of the suspects to more than one hundred burglaries. He will likely face dozens of charges for rogue and vagabond, which is the Maryland law that covers the breaking and entering of a motor vehicle to commit theft. Other charges likely include theft, theft scheme and malicious destruction of property. All of these crimes are misdemeanors, but the juvenile may face felony prosecution if he was charged with theft over $1,500 and/or motor vehicle theft. Outrage from police and others ensured after this juvenile was released from custody 5 hours after his arrest, but the fact that he was released before being detained at a secure juvenile facility should not come as a surprise to those who are familiar with the Maryland juvenile justice system.

Most juveniles who are arrested will be released to their parents with a promise to appear in court. The only exceptions are in cases where detention is required to protect the child or others, or if the child is deemed to be a flight risk. Few juveniles are actually determined to be flight risks due to their lack of resources unless there is a record of numerous failures to appear, so the more relevant consideration is whether the juvenile presents a danger. In this particular situation the child was only charged with property crimes, albeit more than 100, but still property crimes where victims were not present. In addition, unless the juvenile was charged with felony offenses he could not legally be detained before a hearing. Maryland law prohibits the detention of a juvenile prior to a hearing who is charged with a misdemeanor unless the misdemeanor is a gun offense such as possession of a firearm by a minor or the juvenile has two prior delinquency findings in the past 12 months. Based on the charges and the lack of record for this juvenile, it is safe to say that the intake officer’s hands were tied, and release was a foregone conclusion.

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Published on: May 13, 2025

Legislative Session Ends With Few Criminal Laws Passing

By Benjamin Herbst

The 2025 Maryland Legislative Session recently came to an end with lawmakers failing to tackle numerous criminal justice issues. Despite the fact that Annapolis lawmakers have repeatedly expressed a desire to address the inundation of ghost guns, no consequential gun legislation landed on the Governor’s desk. Ghost guns have been illegal to possess in Maryland since 2022 unless they are properly serialized and registered. Over the last three years the penalties for illegal possession and the accessibility of the parts have not changed, and police continue to seize ghost guns from juveniles and young adults at an alarming rate.

Just in the last 30 days two teenagers were arrested after ghost guns were found in public schools. The first incident occurred at a Charles County high school at the end of April after a 17-year-old student’s bag was searched due to an overwhelming smell of marijuana. The second incident occurred just this week at Gaithersburg High School when a 15-year-old student was found in possession of a loaded ghost gun. The Blog will continue to follow the ghost gun epidemic, but it is a complex issue since the buying and selling of the materials used to create these firearms will likely remain protected by the Second Amendment.

In addition to the ghost gun issue, there has also been much talk about juvenile justice reform. The legislature has flipped back and forth from passing softer juvenile justice policy to tightening up the system with stricter legislation. This year lawmakers in Annapolis punted on juvenile justice to the disappointment of many who were hoping for crackdowns on increasing juvenile crime.

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Published on: April 23, 2025

Lawmakers Pass Organized Retail Theft Bill

By Benjamin Herbst

Retail theft in the Baltimore Washington Metro area has reached critical levels over the past few years, and has resulted in numerous store closings in high crime areas. This trend has also contributed to price increases and a general sense of uneasiness for store employees and shoppers alike. The trend has not gone unnoticed, and this year lawmakers have decided to fight back by passing a bill targeting organized retail theft. Senate Bill 11 was a major priority for Annapolis lawmakers and it will likely be signed by the governor and become state law on October 1. Organized retail theft is defined as the commission of a series of thefts of retail merchandise over a 90-day period with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of said merchandise. It can be committed by one person or a group of persons acting under the same scheme or plan. The kicker is that if the thefts are committed across multiple jurisdictions the State can add the total value of the alleged thefts when considering which charges to file. Currently retail thefts committed in two separate counties would have to be charged in two separate cases. If the value of each theft was less than $1,500 the defendant would face two misdemeanor offenses with a 6-month maximum sentence. Come October, this same defendant could face felony organized retail theft charges in either county (but not both), which would carry up to five years in prison.

The penalties for theft have decreased over the last several years, as the legislature has increased the threshold for a felony from over $1,000 to over $1,500. Lawmakers have also reduced the penalty for misdemeanor theft from 18 months to 6 months. Shoplifting under $100 maintained its 90-day maximum penalty. Currently Maryland Criminal Law Section 7-104 provides enhanced penalties for repeat offenders, but unlike many other repeat offender provisions, the theft enhancement only comes into play for a person with 4 or more prior convictions. Under this rare circumstance the penalty for misdemeanor theft over $100 but less than $1,500 jumps to 5 years in prison provided the State serves the defendant or the attorney at least 15 days before trial.

Past reductions in theft penalties may not have made a material contribution to the rise in organized retail theft, but lawmakers may be regretting the recent trend nonetheless. It remains to be seen how often the State will prosecute defendants under the new organized retail theft law, as it would require communication between multiple law enforcement agencies and prosecutor’s offices. In other words, the enforcement would have to be more organized than the criminal acts. It will be interesting to see how long it takes for the first prosecution to occur, as we still think this provision would be rather rare. We are not saying this bill is merely a nice headline for lawmakers, but there is a real chance it ends up being a paper tiger when it’s all said and done.

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Published on: March 27, 2025

Montgomery County Man Sentenced to 5 Years for Gun Possession

By Benjamin Herbst

The United States Attorney’s Office recently announced a 44-year-old man from Silver Spring was sentenced to nearly 5 years in prison for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. He was also charged with possession of ammunition by a convicted felon due to the firearm being loaded when it was seized by police. According to facts that were recited during the plea agreement, an off-duty police officer with the Riverdale Park Police Department was working as a restaurant security guard when he was informed about a suspicious individual possibly possessing a firearm. A restaurant employee apparently told the off-duty cop that a patron entered the establishment with a fanny pack that potentially contained a gun. The tip was corroborated when two other individuals reported that they had been threatened with a firearm while at the restaurant. Officers responded to the scene and found the suspect by the door to the restaurant’s kitchen. Upon seeing the officers, the suspect fled and discarded the fanny pack as he was running. Police apprehended the suspect and located the fanny pack, which contained a Glock .45 caliber handgun loaded with 8 rounds of ammunition. Police later determined that the suspect was prohibited from possessing a firearm due to a prior felony conviction.

While the criminal acts in this case occurred in Prince George’s County, the man was prosecuted in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland rather than in Upper Marlboro at the PG County Circuit Court. All federal criminal cases from the southern portions of Maryland including PG County, Charles County, St. Mary’s County and the Eastern Shore are prosecuted in the Greenbelt Courthouse, which is where this defendant was recently sentenced. The official sentence included 58 months in federal prison followed by 3 years of supervised release. Supervised release is basically the federal term for probation. This case could have been prosecuted under state law, but federal prosecutors are constantly looking for firearm cases involving convicted felons to beef up their conviction records. Just last week another Maryland man from St. Mary’s County was indicted on similar charges after the St. Mary’s County Sheriff’s Office conducted a search warrant of his Lexington Park home and found an AK-47 rifle.

There is no specific formula for when the feds will pick up a gun cases from state court, but they will almost always involve convicted felons in possession. Firearm possession by a disqualified individual such as a convicted felon is illegal under federal law and state law, which means either the feds or the local state’s attorney’s office can charge a person in Maryland. Gun crimes do not need to be committed on federal property for the feds to have jurisdiction, and they do not have to be investigated or charged by federal agents to be prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney’s Office. The U.S. Attorney’s Office can step in at any point and charge a person, which usually results in the state case being set for a nolle pros. in circuit court. While the Maryland state charge for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon carries the same 15-year maximum penalty as the federal charge, federal prosecutions carry a stigma for being tougher in defendants. In reality the 5-year mandatory sentence for a felon in possession of a firearm in state court may result in a harsher sentence than a case with similar facts in federal court. If a person has numerous prior convictions, his or her federal guidelines will likely be higher than the state guidelines, but the state has the minimum mandatory. Overall, it can be a tossup which jurisdiction is better for a particular defendant. Either way, all defendants are urged to contact an experienced Maryland gun crime lawyer. The Blog will continue to follow these federal prosecutions and may post a follow up article as gun possession cases continue to end up in the Baltimore and Greenbelt courthouses. If you been charged with felon in possession of a firearm or any other gun crime in state or federal court, contact Benjamin Herbst anytime at 410-207-2598.

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Published on: March 1, 2025

Lawmakers Debate Juvenile Justice Bill

By Benjamin Herbst

Juvenile justice reform continues to be a hot button issue in Annapolis, as lawmakers recently debated measures to decrease the number of cases where minors are charged as adults. In previous legislative sessions gun laws and marijuana dominated the criminal justice headlines, but state policy on these topics is somewhat settled for now. Juvenile justice however is a fluid issue, with strong arguments coming from both sides. Last year numerous State’s Attorney’s Offices lobbied for decreasing the age of juvenile criminal jurisdiction for certain non-violent crimes from 13 to 10. That law passed and went into effect in October. Now Public Defenders and other lobbyists from around the state are seeking to eliminate the direct filing of adult charges for 16 and 17-year-old juveniles in many offenses, including some violent felonies. If the bill passes these teens would be charged in juvenile court and then see a magistrate judge for a detention hearing rather than a bail review. Their cases would then be on the juvenile timeline, which is generally much quicker than an adult case.

Senate Bill 422 seeks to increase the juvenile court’s jurisdiction over 16 and 17-year-olds who are charged with numerous crimes such as robbery, firearm possession and assault in the first degree. Current Maryland law requires teens in this age group to be charged as adults if they are arrested for these crimes and others such as third-degree sexual offense, attempted robbery and all crimes involving possession or the use of a firearm. These juveniles are arrested and booked into the adult jail facilities pending a bail review, and many are initially held without bail. Juveniles held without bail have the opportunity to request detention in a secure juvenile facility, but transfer could take several days. A large percentage of these direct filed cases end up in juvenile court by agreement of the attorneys or if the judge grants a motion for reverse waiver to juvenile court, but this process could take several months.

An experienced juvenile criminal defense lawyer should file for the reverse waiver immediately upon being retained, but there are still unavoidable delays in setting matter for a hearing. The Department of Juvenile Services must first complete a study and provide this information to the Court. DJS often fails to meet the deadlines imposed by the Court, and in some jurisdictions DJS completes the study but the hearing is set way down the road. On average, juveniles charged as adults will wait about 5 months for cases to be resolved or transferred to juvenile courts. Those in favor of changing the law argue that this 5-month wait costs the state millions of dollars due to the high cost per day of detaining a juvenile and the slow nature of the transfer process. This argument does not factor in the percentage of juveniles who are released pending a waiver transfer hearing.

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Published on: February 6, 2025

Supreme Court Declines to Hear HQL Challenge

By Benjamin Herbst

The HQL process is here to stay, as the United States Supreme Court declined to review an argument challenging the policy for purchasing a handgun in Maryland. Gun rights advocates have been pushing for repeal of the HQL process since 2022 when the Supreme Court declared the state’s “may issue” policy regarding the issuance of wear and carry permits was unconstitutional. This was a massive nationwide victory for the gun lobby, who apparently wanted to strike while the iron was hot. For a few months it actually seemed as if the Marylanders would no longer have to obtain a license in order to purchase a handgun as the HQL requires. In the fall of 2023, a three-judge panel struck down the State Police regulation that requires state residents to submit fingerprints and complete a 4-hour safety court before being eligible to obtain the license to purchase. However, the victory was short lived, as in the summer of 2024 a majority of a full panel of judges at the 4^th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Virginia reversed the three-judge panel’s ruling and affirmed the District Court’s original decision to uphold the law.

After the Court of Appeals upheld the trial court’s original ruling the gun lobby had one more shot to make an argument in the country’s highest court, but only if the Justices chose to accept the case. They declined, and now the HQL lives on. Maryland citizens will continue to have to obtain a license before being granted permission to purchase a handgun. The requirements do not extend to rifles and shotguns, which are treated differently under a variety of Maryland laws. A Handgun Qualification License is not the same as a wear and carry permit, and anyone with a HQL who is found to be unlawfully transporting a handgun will likely be arrested and charged with a 5-year misdemeanor for wear, transport or carry of a firearm. While it may be brought up in mitigation, a valid HQL is not a legal defense to unlawful carry of a firearm.

With this victory by the Attorney General’s Office and the State Police, Maryland will continue to live up to its reputation as one of the most unfriendly gun rights states in the country. Each year many out-of-state residents learn the hard way how difficult it is to comply with these strict gun laws while passing through our state. If you plan on driving through Maryland with a gun or have been charged with a firearm offense, contact Maryland gun crime lawyer Benjamin Herbst anytime for a free consultation. Benjamin has successfully defended hundreds of clients in firearm offenses including wear, transport or carry, possession by a prohibited person and use of a firearm in a crime of violence. He represents adults and juveniles in crimes such as possession of a firearm by a minor. Benjamin is also an experienced federal gun lawyer who has represented dozens of defendants in the Greenbelt and Baltimore federal courthouses for crimes including possession of a firearm at a federal facility and other citations. There are numerous U.S. government properties (Fort Meade, NIH and Joint Base Andrews) and federally patrolled roadways in the state of Maryland (BW Parkway / 295), and these areas are all under the jurisdiction of federal law enforcement. Even a person who holds a valid wear and carry permit may be subject to federal prosecution for setting foot on a military base or federal installation with his or her lawfully registered handgun. Benjamin offers free consultations about all criminal cases and is available 7 days a week for his clients. Contact Benjamin anytime at 410-207-2598.

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Published on: January 18, 2025

Lawmakers Mulling Court Commissioner Reform

By Benjamin Herbst

Maryland lawmakers are working toward limiting the powers of District Court Commissioners after a failed attempt to do the same during last year’s legislative session. House Bill 21 specifically focuses on a commissioner’s power to issue an arrest warrant in cases initiated by a civilian complaint. This reform is long overdue, as Maryland has become notorious for false arrests, which have unfortunately led to hundreds of unjust incarcerations. While commissioners from many jurisdictions are hesitant to issue arrest warrants in civilian complaints, Baltimore City has remained a haven for bogus warrants. The problem is then compounded by District Court judges who routinely hold defendants without bail over domestic violence allegations and any case that mentions the word firearm. Few judges will actually consider that civilian authored complaints could, and often are, completely fabricated. Despite the fact that the State’s Attorney’s Office is supporting the Bill, they share much of the responsibility for false incarcerations by recommending that many of these defendants be held without bail until trial.

Before continuing this article, it is important to understand how cases are initiated in the District Court of Maryland. Normally if an officer witnesses a crime, he or she will make an arrest called an “on view arrest”, take the suspect to the jail and write up a statement of charges. The commissioner will then review the statement of charges to determine if the suspect is released. Officers may also respond to a call for service and write their own statement of charges even if they did not witness the actual incident. This requires them to go to the commissioner’s office and thus is more work for the police. A case can also be initiated by a civilian who shows up in person at any District Court Commissioner’s Office. These offices are typically located in the courthouse or the jail and are open 24/7. As it stands now if a civilian writes a scathing statement of charges and mentions the presence of weapons (especially a firearm), a commissioner may issue an arrest warrant without ever questioning the credibility of the author. The commissioner won’t ask if the author has a reason to lie, and they will not conduct a background check. They will just review the document to see if the allegations are sufficient to satisfy the elements of the crime. In Maryland an arrest warrant can be issued against a totally innocent individual without a trained investigator or prosecutor ever talking to a witness or even laying eyes on the charging document.

If passed by the General Assembly, House Bill 21 will only allow a commissioner to issue an arrest warrant if the author of the statement of charges is a police officer or a prosecutor. A commissioner must also make a determination that the defendant’s whereabouts are unknown, the defendant has previously failed to appear for court, is in custody in another jurisdiction or is a danger to the community or the victim. This creates a logical layer of protection against false arrests that lawmakers and prosecutors have largely ignored for decades. In cases where a warrant is issued, the defendant and his or her lawyer may file a motion to recall the warrant, and the judge may agree to do so upon a finding of good cause.

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Published on: December 9, 2024

Four Men Indicted in Theft Scheme

By Benjamin Herbst

The Maryland Attorney General’s Office is prosecuting four men for their alleged involvement in a multi-jurisdictional theft scheme that resulted in losses of more than $800,000 to various retail stores. Criminal indictments were filed in the Circuit Court for Howard County where three of the defendants are set for jury trial beginning in January. One of the defendants has already entered a guilty plea, and his case is set for sentencing in June of next year. The other defendants are each facing more than ten charges including criminal gang participation under Maryland Criminal Law section 9-804. Other charges include felony second degree burglary, theft scheme over $100,000, theft $25,000 to $100,000 and conspiracy.

According to reports the four men are accused of participating in at least 37 theft and burglary crimes from September of 2023 through June of 2024. Many of the thefts were allegedly committed during business hours, and some involved multiple people filling bags with merchandise at the same time to overwhelm store employees. Other thefts were committed after closing hours. A number of these after-hours thefts likely involved breaking and entering the store, and the resulting burglary charges. Retail theft continues to be a major problem for businesses across the county and especially in the Baltimore and D.C. Metro areas. Some popular retailers are closing stores and prices continue to increase to combat shrink, which is the loss of inventory that could otherwise be sold.

Retail stores across Maryland were targeted in this criminal conspiracy, which is likely why the Attorney General’s Office became involved. The AG’s Office typically prosecutes gang related activity and multi-jurisdictional cases in order to streamline the prosecution. These defendants are charged with committing offenses in Baltimore County, Howard County, Prince George’s County and Queen Anne’s County. Legally, a defendant can be charged with a theft crime in the jurisdiction where the theft occurred or where the stolen items were taken or stored. Theft scheme and conspiracy cases can be prosecuted in any jurisdiction where there was an act in furtherance of the crime. The press release did not indicate why charges were brought in Howard County, but AG’s Office often prosecutes cases in centrally located jurisdictions that are close to its Baltimore City office.

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